Ecology and life history

Although most species live in inshore and estuarine waters, 29 species spend their entire life cycles in freshwater. These species are found in disjunct tropical regions of South America (one species), Central Africa (three species) and Southeast Asia (25 species).


Natural defenses :
A pufferfish pressing its mouth against a camera's lens at Big Island of Hawaii
The puffer's unique and distinctive natural defenses help compensate for its slow locomotion. It moves by combining pectoral, dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. This makes it highly maneuverable, but very slow, and therefore a comparatively easy predation target. Its tail fin is mainly used as a rudder, but it can be used for a sudden evasive burst of speed that shows none of the care and precision of its usual movements. The puffer's excellent eyesight, combined with this speed burst, is the first and most important defense against predators. Its backup defense mechanism, used if successfully pursued, is to fill its extremely elastic stomach with water (or air when outside the water) until it is much larger and almost spherical in shape. Even if they are not visible when the puffer is not inflated, all puffers have pointed spines, so a hungry predator may suddenly find itself facing an unpalatable, pointy ball rather than a slow, tasty fish. Predators which do not heed this warning (or who are "lucky" enough to catch the puffer suddenly, before or during inflation) may die from choking, and predators that do manage to swallow the puffer may find their stomachs full of tetrodotoxin, making puffers an unpleasant, possibly lethal, choice of prey. This neurotoxin is found primarily in the ovaries and liver, although smaller amounts exist in the intestines and skin, as well as trace amounts in muscle. It does not always have a lethal effect on large predators, such as sharks, but it can kill humans.
Not all puffers are necessarily poisonous; Takifugu oblongus, for example, is a fugu puffer that is not poisonous, and toxin level varies wildly even in fish that are. A puffer's neurotoxin is not necessarily as toxic to other animals as it is to humans, and puffers are eaten routinely by some species of fish, such as lizardfish[3] and tiger sharks.Also, Japanese fish farmers have grown nonpoisonous puffers by controlling their diet.

Puffers are able to move their eyes independently, and many species can change the color or intensity of their patterns in response to environmental changes. In these respects, they are somewhat similar to the terrestrial chameleon. Although most puffers are drab, many have bright colors and distinctive markings, and make no attempt to hide from predators. This is likely an example of aposematism.


Reproduction :
Blackspotted puffer, Arothron nigropunctatus
Many marine puffers have a pelagic, or open-ocean, life stage. Spawning occurs after males slowly push females to the water surface or join females already present. The eggs are spherical and buoyant. Hatching occurs after roughly four days. The fry are tiny, but under magnification have a shape that is usually reminiscent of a pufferfish. They have a functional mouth and eyes, and must eat within a few days. Brackish water puffers may breed in bays in a similar manner to marine species, or may breed more similarly to the freshwater species, in cases where they have moved far enough upriver.
Reproduction in freshwater species varies quite a bit. The dwarf puffers court with males following females, possibly displaying the crests and keels unique to this subgroup of species. After the female accepts his advances, she will lead the male into plants, moss or another form of cover, where she can release eggs for fertilization. The male may help her by rubbing against her side. This has been observed in captivity, and they are the only commonly captive-spawned puffer species.
Target-group puffers have also been spawned in aquariums, and follow a similar courting behavior, minus the crest/keel display. However, eggs are laid on a flat piece of slate or other smooth hard material, to which they adhere. The male will guard them until they hatch, carefully blowing water over them regularly to keep the eggs healthy. His parenting is finished when the young hatch, and the fry are on their own.
Information on breeding of specific species is very limited. T. nigroviridis, the green-spotted puffer, has recently been artificially spawned under captive conditions. It is believed to spawn in bays in a similar manner to saltwater species, as their sperm were found to be motile only at full marine salinities, but actual wild breeding has never been observed.
In 2012, male pufferfish were documented carving large geometric, circular structures in the seabed sand in Amami Ōshima, Japan. The structures apparently serve to attract females and provide a safe place for them to lay their eggs.

fishing lures Types

           There are many types of fishing lures. They are all manufactured in different ways to resemble prey for the fish in most cases, but are sometimes engineered to appeal to a fishes sense of territory, curiosity or aggression. Most lures are made to look like dying, injured, or fast moving fish. They include the following types 

•  A jig is a weighted hook with a lead head opposite the sharp tip. They are often covered with a minnow or crawfish or even a plastic worm to get the fish's attention. The angler moves the rod to make the jig move.

Deep water jigs used in saltwater fishing consist of a large metallic weight, which gives the impression of the body of the baitfish, which has a hook attached via a short length of kevlar usually to the top of the jig. These types of jigs can be fished in water depths down to 300 metres.

• Surface lures are also known as top water lures, poppers and stickbaits. They float and resemble prey that is on top of the water. They can make a popping sound from a concave-cut head, a burbling sound from "side fins" or scoops or a buzzing commotion from one or several propellers. A few have only whatever motion the fisherman applies through the rod itself, though if skillfully used, they can be very effective.
• Spoon lures are made to resemble the inside of a table spoon. They flash in the light while wobbling or darting due to their shape, and attract fish.
• Plugs are also known as crankbaits or minnows. These lures have a fishlike body shape and they are run through the water where they can make a variety of different movements caused by instability due to the bib at the front under the head.
• Artificial flies are designed to resemble all manner of fish prey and are used with a fly rod and reel in fly fishing.
• Soft plastic baits/lures is a general category of lures that are made of plastic or rubber, and are designed to resemble fish, crabs, squid, worms, lizards, frogs, leeches and other creatures.
• Spinnerbait are pieces of wire bent at about a 60 degree angle with a hook on the lower end and a flashy spinner mechanism on the upper end.
• Swimbait is a form of soft plastic bait/lure that resembles an actual baitfish. It can be retrieved like a plug/minnow lure. Some of these have a swimming, paddle, tail. The development in the finishes in these types of plastic lures have meant that the finishes achieved now look more like a baitfish than ever before.

          Fishing lures can be made of wood, plastic, rubber, metal, cork, and materials like feathers, animal hair, string, tinsel and others. They can have many moving parts or no moving parts. They can be retrieved fast or slow. Some of the lures can be used by alone, or with another lure.

         One advantage of use of artificial lures is a reduction in use of bait. This contributes to resolving one of the marine environment's more pressing problems; the undermining of marine food webs by overharvesting "bait" species which tend to occur lower in the food chain. Another advantage of lures is that their use promotes improved survival of fish during catch and release fishing. This is because lures reduce the incidence of deep hooking which has been correlated to fish mortality in many studies. Mortality by swallowing hooks is mostly caused by the handling stress and damage resulting from removing the hook from the gut or throat. The best course of action when a fish is gut-hooked is to leave the hook and cut the line as soon as possible. Hooks will then be encapsulated or evacuated from the body. Use of non corroding steel is not recommended because a corroding hook will be easier to for the fish to expel.

Thank for Info : http://en.wikipedia.org

Fisherman

 

          A fisherman or fisher is someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish. Worldwide, there are about 38 million commercial and subsistence fishermen and fish farmers.The term can also be applied to recreational fishermen and may be used to describe both men and women. Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the Mesolithic period.

Thank for Info : http://en.wikipedia.org

Popular Sport Fish

Red Grouper

          Red Grouper: Bottom dwelling fish associated with hardbottom; juveniles offshore along with adults greater than six years old; nearshore reefs

Black Grouper

          Black Grouper: Offshore species; adults associated with rocky bottoms, reef, and drop-off walls in water over 60 feet deep; young may occur inshore in shallow water

Gag Grouper 

          
          Gag Grouper: Adults offshore over rocks and reefs; juveniles occur in seagrass beds inshore

Goliath Grouper

          Goliath Grouper: Nearshore around docks, in deep holes on ledges; young often occur in estuaries especially around oyster bars; more abundant in southern Florida. Protected species closed to harvest

Nassau Grouper

          Nassau Grouper: Range limited to south Florida. Smaller individuals are found nearshore, adults are found offshore on rocky reefs. Forms large spawwning aggregations. Protected species closed to harvest.

Crevalle Jack

          
          Crevalle Jack (Jack Crevalle): Common to both inshore waters and the open sea.

African Pompano

          African Pompano: Young are found in the open ocean. Adults are found to depths of 180 ft., often associated with reefs, wrecks, and rock ledges.




Thank for Info : 
http://ocean.floridamarine.org/boating_guides/florida_keys/pages/sport_fish.html

Popular Sport Fish

          Red Drum (Redfish): Inshore near grass beds, oyster bars, and docks pilings; deeper channels during the warmest and coolest months

          Snook:  Canals, tidal creeks, and other deep warm waters in cool months; near tidal passes and mangrove fringe at high tide

          
          Spotted Seatrout (Speckled seatrout): Inshore over grass beds, sand, and sandy/mud bottoms; deeper water during warmest and coolest months

           
          Tarpon: Found mostly inshore near bridges, pilings, rock walls, harbors, around structures, and on flats

        
           Bonefish: Primarily and inshore fish; found in shallows often less than one foot deep, usually over lush grass flats, occasionally over white sand.

         
         Spanish Mackerel: Inshore, nearshore, and offshore over grass beds and reefs

        
           Cero Mackerel: Nearshore and offshore, especially over coral reefs and wrecks; common in south Florida

         
           King Mackerel (Kingfish): Nearshore and offshore; occasionally taken from piers running into deep water

          
          Wahoo: Offshore game fish associated with the Gulf Stream and blue water

          Sailfish: Offshore game fish associated with the Gulf Stream and blue water


Thank for Info : http://ocean.floridamarine.org/boating_guides/florida_keys/pages/sport_fish.html#Top

Techniques

Techniques

          There are many fishing techniques or methods for catching fish. The term can also be applied to methods for catching other aquatic animals such asmolluscs (shellfish, squid, octopus) and edible marine invertebrates.

          Fishing techniques include hand gathering, spearfishing, netting, angling and trapping. Recreational, commercial and artisanal fishers use different techniques, and also, sometimes, the same techniques. Recreational fishers fish for pleasure or sport, while commercial fishers fish for profit. Artisanal fishers use traditional, low-tech methods, for survival in third-world countries, and as a cultural heritage in other countries. Mostly, recreational fishers use angling methods and commercial fishers use netting methods.

          There is an intricate link between various fishing techniques and knowledge about the fish and their behaviour including migration, foraging and habitat. The effective use of fishing techniques often depends on this additional knowledge. Some fishermen follow fishing folklores which claim that fish feeding patterns are influenced by the position of the sun and the moon.

Thank for Info : http://en.wikipedia.org

Bass fishing

           Bass fishing is the activity of angling for the North American gamefish known colloquially as the black bass.There are numerous black bass species considered as gamefish in North America, including largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), Spotted bass or Kentucky bass (Micropterus punctatus), Guadalupe bass (Micropterus treculii), and many other species and subspecies of the genus Micropterus. Though referred to as bass, all are actually members of the sunfish family (Centrarchidae: order Perciformes).

          Modern bass fishing has evolved into a multi-billion dollar industry. The sport has changed drastically since its beginnings in the late 19th century. From humble beginnings, the black bass has become the second most specifically sought-after game fish in the United States. The sport has driven the development of all manner of fishing gear, including rods, reels, lines, lures, electronic depth and fish-finding instruments, drift boats, float tubes, and specialized bass boats.

Thank for Info : http://en.wikipedia.org

Fishing

Fishing

          Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. Fish are normally caught in the wild. Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering,spearing, netting, angling and trapping.

The term fishing may be applied to catching other aquatic animals such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms. The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales, where the term whaling is more appropriate.

          According to FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million. Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people.In 2005, the worldwide per capita consumption of fish captured from wild fisheries was 14.4 kilograms, with an additional 7.4 kilograms harvested from fish farms. In addition to providing food, modern fishing is also a recreational pastime.

Thank for Info : http://en.wikipedia.org

Surface lure

Surface lure

          A surface lure is a fishing lure designed to waddle, pop, lock, drop, pulse, twitch or fizz across the surface of the water as it is retrieved, and in doing so imitate surface prey for fish such as mice, lizards, frogs, cicadas, moths and small injured fish. A typical surface lure has a solid body made out of wood or plastic, carries one or two treble hooks, and has an eyelet at the front of the lure body to attach the fishing line. Waddlers get their action from a scooped metal dish attached to the front of the lure body. Poppers get their action from a cupped face carved or molded into the front of the lure body. Fizzers get their action both from the fisherman manipulating the lure with the fishing rod and from one or more blades attached to the lure body, that spin when the lure is pulled and create a fizzing noise said to imitate the buzzing wings of a drowning insect.

Sizeable fish can create a sudden, noisy and spectacular explosion when they take a surface lure, usually giving the fisherman a fright in the process. Catching fish on surface lures is therefore considered a fairly exciting form of fishing.

Thank for Info : http://en.wikipedia.org

Lures

         
          In conventional fishing, smallmouth may be successfully caught on a wide range of natural and artificial baits or lures, including crankbaits, hair jigs, plastic jerkbaits (such as Rapala Husky Jerks, Mister Twister Twister Tails, Rapala X-Raps, or even a Rico Popper), spinnerbaits, and all types of soft plastic lures, including curly tail grubs or tubes with lead head jigs. They may also be caught with a fly rod using a dry or wet artificial fly, nymphs, streamers, or imitations of larger aquatic creatures, such as hellgrammites, crawfish, or leeches. Floating topwater popper fly patterns and buzz baits are also popular for smallmouth fishing.


Thank for Info : http://en.wikipedia.org

Topwater fishing lure

          A Topwater fishing lure is a type of fishing lure, usually floating, that may be moved about the surface of water in order to attract and cause fish to attempt to strike the lure. Non-floating versions may be retrieved at sufficient speed to cause them to travel at the water's surface.

          Such lures are often designed to resemble smaller creatures that would normally be considered as food for the target fish species. (They are painted to look like the prey of the target species; usually smaller fish, frogs, or insects.) One of the key features of the topwater lure is the "action" that it imparts as it travels along the water's surface. The more effective lures have an action that closely resembles that of the actual living creature. The lure is typically fitted with one of more fish hooks (usually treble hooks) to hook the target fish as it strikes the lure. Variations exist that include internal rattles to generate sound that might be similar to the sounds created by the actual, live creature being emulated. some also include small light sources such as LEDs that might be battery powered. There are also jointed bodies, moving eyes, holographic finishes, etc. all of which are incorporated to encourage the target species to strike the lure. The lure is normally attached to the end of a fishing line that is attached to a fishing rod and reel and is cast into areas where the target species might be found and "worked" skillfully within that are to encourage strikes. This type of fishing is considered by many to one of the more exciting methods used to catch fish. A frequent mistake when fishing topwater lures is to initiate the hookset immediately upon seeing the fish strike the lure. In many species, especially bass, it is important to wait a few seconds before initiating the hookset to ensure that the lure is in the best position in the fish's mouth to optimize the chances of a successful hooking. black bass, spotted seatrout, ladyfish, redfish, bluefish, tarpon, bonefish, barracuda, & pickerel are examples of fish that might be taken by the topwater approach.


Thank for Info : http://en.wikipedia.org

Doctor fish

Doctor fish is the name given to two species of fish: Garra rufa and Cyprinion macrostomum. Other nicknames include nibble fish, kangal fish,physio fish, and doctorfishen; in non-medical contexts, Garra rufa is called the reddish log sucker. They live and breed in the outdoor pools of some Turkish spas, where they feed on the skin of patients with psoriasis. The fish are like combfishes in that they only consume the affected and dead areas of the skin, leaving the healthy skin to grow, with the outdoor location of the treatment bringing beneficial effects. The spas are not meant as a curative treatment option, only as a temporary alleviation of symptoms, and patients usually revisit the spas every few months.


Thank for Info : http://en.wikipedia.org

Fishing lure

          A fishing lure is an object attached to the end of a fishing line which is designed to resemble and move like the prey of a fish. The purpose of the lure is to use movement, vibration, and colour to catch the fish's attention so it bites the hook. Lures are equipped with one or more single, double, or treblehooks that are used to hook fish when they attack the lure.

          Lures are usually used with a fishing rod and fishing reel. When a lure is used for casting, it is continually cast out and retrieved, the retrieve making the lure swim or produce a popping action. A skilled angler can explore many possible hiding places for fish through lure casting such as under logs and on flats




Thank for Info : http://en.wikipedia.org

7 Tips To Making Your Own Wooden Fishing Lures 

      I have not had much to do with making my own wooden lures even though I have been fishing for a lot of years and against my better judgement, decided to give it ago. As anglers and fishos, we all know what it is like, the cost of replacing lost lures. Little did I know what I had gotten myself into!! so I thought I would put something together to give any budding lure designers a helping hand.   

      Have you ever wanted to learn how to make your own top water wooden fishing lures and did not know where to start?  If you have thought about it and like me thought, "it's just going to be to hard", well don't, because I have done some hard yards and have put together several inportant tips that will put you on the road to making your own Wooden Fishing lures that work perfectly the way you want them to, are professionally finished, cost less and give you that great sensation when you catch your first fish on a lure that you have made.

      If you are like me and been arround a few years and have been fishing since you could walk, you will know what it is like over the years to loose that favourite lure that wasn't cheap to buy or to loose that new lure that you are trying for the first time and seeing it swim away in the side of the fishes mouth, Another missed Photo Op. or see it smashed after one hit!! 

There is just so many lures to choose from when you walk into the tackle shop today, I can stand there for hours admiring them all. I want them all!!! but it comes down to how deep are your pockets. Sometimes I wonder if I should invest in a Fishing Tackle Shop then I could get the Fishing Lures at cost!

But that thought is quickly put out of my mind because I would have to work more and that might mean I would loose valuable fishing time. So I think I'll give making my own wooden fishing lures ago it cannot be to difficult right? I mean what could be more satisfying, then to catch that perfect fish on a lure you built yourself. Not only that, I can build up my fishing tackle and my lure box and not hurt my wallet as much which means I can use the money I save to buy other fishing gear. That sounds like a plan because you can never have enough fishing gear.

So enthusiastically I started and a short time later decided I needed to give myself a server slap in the face!! What was I thinking? there were so many things I did not think about and when I finally got my first lure in the water I nearly broke down and wept. The thing would not swim properly and the paint was coming off after only a few casts. At this point I was ready to chuck it in and thought what a wast of time but after giving it more thought, (which I should have done in the first place), I decided to sit down and make up a plan which took into consideration the basic things that I had not thought about and problems I had not thought of!!

Anyone who has ever attempted to make wooden fishing lures will understand the months and sometimes years of trial and error that go into consistently getting it right. Along the way we all experience failures.

The lures that don't swim properly and/or have a poor action

Lures that spin when retrieved or trolled

Lures that won't dive or aren't properly balanced

Lures that won't dive deep enough

Lures that have the wrong angle of attack

Lures that don't swim straight and just can't be tuned to swim straight

Lures that don't have the intended combination of action and dive depth

Lures that don't perform properly once the terminal tackle is fitted

Lures that just aren't strong enough to cope with fierce fish or tough conditions

Lures that perform OK, but don't have the quality paint job of professional lures

On and on the list goes

So with these problems in mind I decided to put some steps in place that would if not eliminate then minimise the issues you will have making your own lures.

The best and most important thing you can do is research and remember 'If you dont quit, you will succeed.

Tip # 1 - Types

Go to the tackle store, get online it doesnt matter how but spend some time studying the different kinds of wooden lures that you can buy or make and what makes them work. Even if you never get started making your own lures, taking the time to do this will improve your lure fishing success, because you will get to know how to pick the best lure for any set of circumstances. For example, knowing the combination of body shape, bib size and angle, bib shape, tow point location, internal weighting and hook selection that's required to make a deep diving lure (for example) will save you hours of wasted time and frustration making lures that just won't do the job. Likewise, if you need a shallow diver, jerk bait, casting lure or bibless minnow. You need to know how and why they work so that you can custom make wooden lures to meet your exact needs.

Tip # 2 - Style

There are so many different types of wooden lures you can make. Minnows (floating, suspending or sinking), bibless lures, jointed minnows, topwater lures (fizzers, buzz baits, prop baits, chuggers and skipping poppers), stickbaits, jerkbaits, sliders,...etc, etc.  These different lure styles all require similar wood working skills, but there is a world of difference in the way they are designed and built. Pick a style of wooden lure initially, and persevere until you work out how to consistently make that style of lure over and over again. When you can consistently make a wooden lure that not only swims, but has exactly the action you require and consistently catches fish, then it's time to start making another style. 

 Most new lure makers seem to start with either bibbed (floating/diving) lures or topwater lures like chuggers and prop baits. Both of these styles are relatively easy to make, so they are good starting points. Bibbed minnows are a good place to start because they are one of the most versatile and consistent fish catchers around.

Tip # 3 - Design

If there is a quick way to get frustrated and eventually give up on wooden lure making, it is to start carving a piece of wood without a firm plan in mind. You need to be able to visualise what your finished lure will look like before you start, or the result will almost certainly be a useless lure and wasted time. Search around for some lure templates, or try to shape something similar to your favourite fish catching lure from the tackle shop. If you are new to lure making you will waste less time if you start by making a lure design that is proven to work. Once you have it perfected, you can start modifying your lure template, or creating your own designs without suffering too many failures.  Make templates, because doing so means that when you design your own wooden lure and it is catching fish, you can use the template to make more and more of the same lures over and over again, and they'll all be just as effective. All you will need to do is change the paint job and/or maybe target a different species.

Tip # 4 - Timber Selection

What timber to use? When you start out be careful because nothing will dampen your enthusiasm faster than making a beautiful lure, but using the wrong wood and finding it doesn't work properly, is too hard to shape, is unbalanced or paint doesn't stick to it. There are thousands of timbers that can be used to make wooden lures successfully. But there are just as many that don't work so well. Stick with timbers that are light in weight, even if you are going to make sinking lures. Soft enough to easily shape, and yet strong enough to take the punishment.

Balsa wood is great for many freshwater applications, but can be a little too soft for some saltwater ones. Cedars, basswood and pine are generally pretty reliable.

Tip # 5 - The Paint Job

 Firstly "dont stress", if the other attributes of the lure are working O.K. the fish will most likely strike at it anyway regardless of how the paint looks. You can get your homemade wooden lures to look every bit as good as any bought one, but it won't happen overnight. Probably more effort, time and tears go into working out a system for painting wooden lures than any other aspect of lure making. The good news is, while you're learning to turn your plain wooden lure bodies into works of art, the fish will be just as happy to eat the practice ones that you learn with. Don't be discouraged if it takes a long time to get the painting process as good as you want it to be. Just keep making and painting lures, and don't be worried about throwing some of your reject paintjobs in front of fish, because if the size and action are right the paintjob really isn't that important!

Tip # 6 - Source the Components

When you start making lures it is importand to find sources for all the materials you will need. Develop a list of all the components  and sources for all the materials you need. Compile a list of the company names, addresses, phone numbers and web addresses for everything you will need to get the lure finished.

Tip # 7 - The Right Tools

When starting out you dont have to spend heaps on tools but you will need some basic tools to get started. Having the right tools will save a lot of frustration. You can slowly build up your tools but it is a good idea to source what is required and where you can get them from at the right price. As with the components, develop a list of the tools you will need and again compile a list of names, addresses and phone numbers of where you can get them.

I hope these 7 tips have been helpfull and will assist all the budding new lure makers out there to to give it a go. There is a lot of help out there from the guys that have been doing it for many years and have a wealth of experience. So dont be  stubborn like I was and bash away at it. All the info to get you making your own lure professionally and landing that first fish on your own lure is out there. Remember Tight Lines and No Bananas.

Thank You For : http://www.streetarticles.com

How to Make a Fishing Lure From Wood

How to Make a Fishing Lure From Wood

Fishing is both a recreational activity and a full-fledged sport. Some people take fishing so seriously they insist on making their own fishing lures to ensure they get the best lure possible for the type of fish they plan to catch. Wood lures are sturdy and can be carved into anything so you are free to make whatever you wish.

Instructions

Step 1

Choose a piece of sturdy wood that will withstand the constant moisture from fishing. Draw the outline of the lure on the wood in pencil. With a carving knife, chip away at the edges, so you become closer to the actual outline of the lure. Then in smooth strokes, carve more carefully to the actual shape of the lure.

Step 2

Put on some gloves. Get a piece of sandpaper and sand the edges down. This may take some time as you want to sand all the way down to the drawn lines on the wood so that you are essentially shaping the lure with the sanding process. Sand all the surfaces until you have the shape you desire and all sides are nice and smooth.

Step 3

Draw a dot where you want the hooks to be inserted. With a small handheld drill, drill the holes for the hooks. Sand the top to make it smooth. Then carefully squirt a small amount of superglue in the hole. Press the steel or wire hook into the hole. Squirt a small amount of superglue on the sides of the hook in the hole so the hole is filled. Hold in place so the superglue can dry.

Step 4

Paint the lure with a paint that is water resistant and has a sealant included, if possible. Look at pictures of hooks you like online or in magazines and books. Use these as your model for painting if you need help or aren't sure what coloring and pattern you would like. That's it! You just made your own wooden fishing lure. Good luck fishing.

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     A fish is any member of a paraphyletic group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as various extinct related groups. Most fish are ectothermic ("cold-blooded"), allowing their body temperatures to vary as ambient temperatures change, though some of the large active swimmers like white shark and tuna can hold a higher core temperature.

     Fish are abundant in most bodies of water. They can be found in nearly all aquatic environments, from high mountain streams (e.g., char and gudgeon) to the abyssal and even hadal depths of the deepest oceans (e.g., gulpers and anglerfish). At 32,000 species, fish exhibit greater species diversity than any other group of vertebrates. Fish are an important resource worldwide, especially as food. Commercial and subsistence fishers hunt fish in wild fisheries (see fishing) or farm them in ponds or in cages in the ocean (see aquaculture).

     They are also caught by recreational fishers, kept as pets, raised by fishkeepers, and exhibited in publicaquaria. Fish have had a role in culture through the ages, serving as deities, religious symbols, and as the subjects of art, books and movies. Because the term "fish" is defined negatively, and excludes the tetrapods (i.e., the amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) which descend from within the same ancestry, it is paraphyletic, and is not considered a proper grouping in systematic biology.

     The traditional term pisces (also ichthyes) is considered a typological, but not a phylogenetic classification.

     The earliest organisms that can be classified as fish were soft-bodied chordates that first appeared during the Cambrian period. Although they lacked a true spine, they possessed notochords which allowed them to be more agile than their invertebrate counterparts. Fish would continue to evolve through thePaleozoic era, diversifying into a wide variety of forms.

     Many fish of the Paleozoic developed external armor that protected them from predators. The first fish with jaws appeared in the Silurian period, after which many (such as sharks) became formidable marine predators rather than just the prey of arthropods.

 

Choosing thе rіght bass fishing bait fοr a given fishing situation іѕ determinant tο thе success οf catching a bass. Speaking аbουt bass baits, live baits аrе still thе indispensable сhοісе аnd proven effective bait іn bass fishing. Bυt thе υѕе οf fishing lures provides ѕοmе advantage over thе live bait bу іtѕ wide range οf varieties аnd practicality. Amοng numerous types οf lures thеrе аrе ones thаt consistently outperform thе others іn catching a bass successfully. Here іѕ thе list:

1 – Plastic Worms. Thіѕ bait ѕhουld bе given credit fοr thе ability tο catching more bass thаn аnу οthеr bait. Thеу аrе highly flexible аnd саn bе used tο fish frοm top tο bottom. Plastic worms offer a wide range οf sizes аnd colors. Thе available size ranges frοm thе tіnу 3 inches long tο a giant worm οf 10 inches long. Yου саn find аlmοѕt аnу desired color οn уουr discretion.

Plastic worms аrе thе appropriate сhοісе fοr fishing іn waters wіth thick weeds even іn thе thickest cover whеrе thе bass аrе hiding аnd wait tο take thе bait. Yου саn rig thеm іn Carolina οr Texas style, οr οn a jig head, weightless οr whateverpresentation уου lіkе tο carry out аnd thеу wіll gеt a bass.

2 – Crankbaits. Thеѕе lure resemble a crawfish οr baitfish whісh аrе thе two preferable foods οf bass. Crankbaits аrе available іn wide range οf shapes, sizes аnd color. Yου саn cast thеm easily аnd wіll bе effective іn аlmοѕt аll kind οf water. Yου саn υѕе thеm tο fish іn fаѕt streams аnd cover water tο gеt аn active bass. It іѕ suggested tο learn аnd train yourself tο fish a crankbait whісh wіll add tο уουr arsenal οf effective lures.

3 – Spinnerbaits. Spinnerbaits іѕ considered аѕ one οf thе best сhοісе fοr bass fishing, іn spite οf οthеr available choices fοr bass fishing baits whісh wе аrе discussing now. Spinner baits аrе still thе best pick due tο іtѕ ease аnd versatility. Yου саn easily match a spinner bait wіth countless οf fishing situation аnd condition.

It performs well іn аlmοѕt аll types οf cover аnd structure аt аnу season. Whether іn summer, autumn, winter аnd springtime οr whatever water condition, muddy οr clear, warm οr сοld аnd deep οr shallow. Spinner baits саn bе easily adapted аnd applied tο weeds, brush, grass, stumps, standing timber, rock piles, rip-rap, boat docks οr аnу οthеr specific type οf structure οr hiding рlасе.

4 – Topwater Plugs. Catching a bass wіth thіѕ type οf lure wіll bе very exciting. Imagine thе crashing smash οf thе caught bass hitting thе surface. Topwater lures аrе available іn various sizes, color аnd action. Topwater plugs аrе suitable tο bе used during early morning οr late evening hours whеn thе conditions аrе a bit dаrk wіth low light.

Thіѕ lure іѕ аlѕο mοѕt effective іn condition wіth lіttlе wind аnd wіth thе presence οf active ripples οn thе surface ѕο іt wіll nοt frighten thе bass whеn іt cuts through thе water. Letting thе bait mονе through still water wіll arouse thе suspicion οf thе bass

5 – Jig аnd Pig. Thіѕ іѕ аmοng thе best сhοісе tο catch a bіg bass. Commonly used іn game fishing whеrе ѕοmе fishermen won tournaments using thіѕ jig аnd pig. Providing thе look οf a crawfish, thе jig аnd pig іѕ a gοοd treat fοr bіggеr bass whісh іѕ thеіr favorite food.

6 – Bucktail Jig. Thіѕ іѕ very simple lure bυt very effective tο catch аnу type οf fish. It consists οf a plastic straight οr curly tail whісh саn match a lot οf fishing condition.

7 – Tail Spinners. It іѕ a very effective bait tο catch bass іn deep water. Eхсеllеnt fοr сοld water fishing whеn thе bass аrе inactive аnd a bit lаzу tο gο аftеr a bait quite far frοm thеm.

8 – Spoons. Thе weedless spoon type attached tο a trailer іѕ a very effective method whеn fishing іn grassy аnd heavy cover waters wіth better results compared tο οthеr baits. Thеіr flash аnd twist аrе thе effects thаt trigger thе bass tο strike.

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